Frequently Asked Questions

Click here to access the current list of AAMA-accredited test labs. You can search for the labs that are accredited for field testing by typing “field” into the keyword search field and click “submit.”

Only full service, independent test laboratories are accredited specifically for the purpose of testing for product certification. These labs must be capable of performing at least certain minimum test methods. AAMA-accredited labs may also be accredited for field testing, but we do not accredit for field testing alone.

You are correct that there are safety regulations in place regarding glass in doors. The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) passed 16 CFR Part 1201 in 1977. It requires glass used in doors to pass what is known as the “human impact” test when the glass is greater than 3 inches in diameter in size. So, for example, the peephole in an entry door would not need to pass this test since it is so small. But any installation of new glazing in doors that is greater than 3 inches in diameter does need to comply with it. The characteristic of glass that complies with CPSC 16 CFR Part 1201 that makes it preferable for installation in doors is the manner in which it breaks. Upon impact, glass that meets CPSC shatters into irregular pieces that are smaller and less sharp than those which result from the same impact on standard, annealed glass. Hence the glass itself is less likely to cause severe injury by deeply cutting the person who impacts it. Since the glass still shatters, however, it is still possible for a person to fall through it. It is a common misconception that glass that complies with CPSC 16 CFR Part 1201 will not break. This is not true. Unfortunately there are still instances where a person impacts a relatively large opening that is glazed with this type of glass with significant enough force to shatter the glass, fall through it, and sustain injuries due to their impact with other surfaces on the other side of the glass. Compliance with CPSC 16 CFR Part 1201 has been in place as federal law since 1977. Note that this federal law only applies to new installations. It does not require existing installations to be brought into compliance. So glass doors in buildings that were built since 1977 should be in compliance with CPSC 16 CFR Part 1201. But glass doors in older buildings are not required to be brought into compliance, and often are not. The reason is the cost. Imagine if every glass door in all the commercial buildings in Pittsburgh that predate 1977 had to be replaced. The cost would be prohibitive. And who would pay that cost?

Section 2406.4.3 requires lites of glass that meet all of the following criteria to be safety glazing that complies with CPSC 16 CFR Part 1201 or ANSI Z97.1. 1. The exposed area of an individual pane is greater than 9 square feet (0.84 m2); 2. The bottom edge of the glazing is less than 18 inches (457 mm) above the floor; 3. The top edge of the glazing is greater than 36 inches (914 mm) above the floor; and 4. One or more walking surface(s) are within 36 inches (914 mm), measured horizontally and in a straight line, of the plane of the glazing. It seems likely that this specific section would apply to the opening you have described. Please note that although the 2012 IBC (and its predecessor codes) does NOT require a protective bar over the glazing if the glazing used complies with CPSC 16 CFR Part 1201 or ANSI Z97.1 (i.e. is safety glazing), an exception to the use of safety glazing is given if a horizontal rail has been installed on the accessible side(s) of the glazing 34 to 38 inches (864 to 965 mm) above the walking surface, the rail is capable of withstanding a horizontal load of 50 pounds per linear foot (730 N/m) without contacting the glass and is a minimum of 1 1/2 inches (38 mm) in cross-sectional height. In other words, a protective bar/rail is not required if the glazing contractor is sure the glass they are using meets the criteria of one of the two standards referenced above for safety glazing. If there is any doubt then safety glazing should be used.

In your case, federal law requires all glass in doors that is greater than 3 inches in diameter to meet CPSC 16 CFR Part 1201. This standard includes requirements for resistance to human impact. Glass that meets it is commonly referred to as “safety glazing.” Tempered and laminated glass are the two most commonly used glass products. But you should not assume that all tempered or laminated glass meets the standard. The glass manufacturer themselves must verify that their glass meets the standard, and if so, etch a specific designation of that in the glass itself for verification by the local code official once the glass has been installed.

I would be very surprised to see requirements for impact resistant glazing being reduced at any time in the near future. The codes, as a general rule, tend to become more stringent over time rather than less so. As for which states and off shore islands do they occur in? Impact resistant glazing is required by the IRC and IBC in some part of virtually every state along the gulf coast, and up the eastern seaboard as far north as Rhode Island. Whether or not those provisions are being enforced depends upon the local jurisdiction. Many states specify a specific boundary such as an Interstate, a river, county lines, etc. You would need to check with the state or local jurisdiction to determine how far inland the requirements are being enforced.

The size requirements for replacement Emergency Escape and Rescue Openings really depends upon how the local jurisdiction has chosen to interpret their locally adopted residential code. For example, Section R102.7.1 of the 2012 IRC reads as follows: R102.7.1 Additions, alterations or repairs. Additions, alterations or repairs to any structure shall conform to the requirements for a new structure without requiring the existing structure to comply with all of the requirements of this code, unless otherwise stated. Additions, alterations or repairs shall not cause an existing structure to become unsafe or adversely affect the performance of the building. As a general rule replacement windows are considered an alteration. Some jurisdiction interpret Section R102.7.1 as meaning that, once installed, the replacement windows must meet the Emergency Escape and Rescue Opening size requirements, in placed in an opening that is required to be an EERO (one per sleeping room). Other jurisdictions will interpret this section as saying its alright to put in a replacement window that is smaller than that required for EERO, if the window that is being replaced is too small and the opening provided by the new window is no smaller than that provided by the existing windows. Still other jurisdictions will interpret this section as saying the largest opening possible without altering the structure of the residence is to be provided. Finally, some jurisdictions have adopted specific amendments to the IRC that specify exactly how much the resultant opening size is permitted to vary from the size required for new construction. You will need to contact your local jurisdiction to determine which of the above interpretations is the one they enforce.

Windows provide light and ventilation to interior spaces, and are an important aspect of healthy living. Section R303.1 requires aggregate glazing equal to at least 8% of the floor area of the room in which it occurs.

There are three possibilities:

1. The company may certify their windows for thermal performance only, with AAMA as their independent certification and inspection agency. In this case, the certification listing would be found on the website of the National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC).
2. Read the manufacturer’s claim very carefully; in most every case, if they do not actually certify, they are really only claiming that they meet the AAMA standard. It may seem misleading, but if they can prove it, then they can claim it.
3. They may be falsely claiming certification. Ask them to show you their Authorization for Product Certification (APC) or to show you the product listing on the AAMA website. Please report all false claims to AAMA at [email protected].

They may be certified to the AAMA standard, but by a different certification agency. There are other agencies that also certify fenestration products. Ask the salesman to be more specific and to show you evidence to support the certification claim.

Look for the AAMA label on the inside edge of the frame. Is your label gold, silver or white? If you have a gold label, your product was a certified air-water-structural product. Along the bottom edge near the center of the label, just to the left of the vertical line, you will find a manufacturer’s code in the format XX-Y or XXX-Y, where X indicates a letter and Y is a number (usually 1 or 2). Refer to the AAMA Certified Products Directory (CPD) where you can then enter the manufacture’s code. If your code does not appear please contact AAMA. If you have a silver label, the product was certified by NFRC (but by using AAMA as the IA). To find out information about the manufacturer, please visit the NFRC website. If you have a white label, your product was a certified manufactured housing product. On your label, there will be a manufacturer’s code in the format YYYYY, where Y indicates a number. Refer to the AAMA Certified Products Directory where you can then enter the manufacture’s code. If your code does not appear please contact AAMA. If your search does not provide results, the manufacturer of your product may no longer be part of the AAMA program, for any of several possible reasons. In that case, you may also look up the manufacturer code via the archived listing. Though AAMA strives to provide the latest information regarding these companies, please keep in mind that the manufacturer may no longer be in business. You may also need to perform a separate Web search for the company, if the information within our system is outdated.

The AAMA CPD lists products that AAMA has authorized for certification. Only when the manufacturer has applied the AAMA label is the product actually certified.

Look for the AAMA label on the inside edge of the frame. Is your label gold, silver or white? If you have a gold label, your product was a certified air-water-structural product. Along the bottom edge near the center of the label, just to the left of the vertical line, you will find a manufacturer’s code in the format XX-Y or XXX-Y, where X indicates a letter and Y is a number (usually 1 or 2). Refer to the AAMA Certified Products Directory (CPD) where you can then enter the manufacture’s code. If your code does not appear please contact AAMA. If you have a silver label, the product was certified by NFRC (but by using AAMA as the IA). To find out information about the manufacturer, please visit the NFRC website. If you have a white label, your product was a certified manufactured housing product. On your label, there will be a manufacturer’s code in the format YYYYY, where Y indicates a number. Refer to the AAMA Certified Products Directory where you can then enter the manufacture’s code. If your code does not appear please contact AAMA. If your search does not provide results, the manufacturer of your product may no longer be part of the AAMA program, for any of several possible reasons. In that case, you may also look up the manufacturer code via the archived listing. Though AAMA strives to provide the latest information regarding these companies, please keep in mind that the manufacturer may no longer be in business. You may also need to perform a separate Web search for the company, if the information within our system is outdated.

The AAMA CPD lists products that AAMA has authorized for certification. Only when the manufacturer has applied the AAMA label is the product actually certified.

The AAMA CPD lists products that AAMA has authorized for certification. Only when the manufacturer has applied the AAMA label is the product actually certified.

If you cannot locate the number associated with the code on the label please be advised that all companies use the same prefix and that the number refers to the location. If you cannot locate the number X in ABC-X please type in ABC and call that location. They should be able to assist.

The AAMA CPD lists products that AAMA has authorized for certification. Only when the manufacturer has applied the AAMA label is the product actually certified.

Manufacturers must notify AAMA’s Technical Services Assistant to make changes to the information listed within the online Certified Products Directory.

Look for the AAMA label on the inside edge of the frame. Is your label gold, silver or white? If you have a gold label, your product was a certified air-water-structural product. Along the bottom edge near the center of the label, just to the left of the vertical line, you will find a manufacturer’s code in the format XX-Y or XXX-Y, where X indicates a letter and Y is a number (usually 1 or 2). Refer to the AAMA Certified Products Directory (CPD) where you can then enter the manufacture’s code. If your code does not appear please contact AAMA. If you have a silver label, the product was certified by NFRC (but by using AAMA as the IA). To find out information about the manufacturer, please visit the NFRC website. If you have a white label, your product was a certified manufactured housing product. On your label, there will be a manufacturer’s code in the format YYYYY, where Y indicates a number. Refer to the AAMA Certified Products Directory where you can then enter the manufacture’s code. If your code does not appear please contact AAMA. If your search does not provide results, the manufacturer of your product may no longer be part of the AAMA program, for any of several possible reasons. In that case, you may also look up the manufacturer code via the archived listing. Though AAMA strives to provide the latest information regarding these companies, please keep in mind that the manufacturer may no longer be in business. You may also need to perform a separate Web search for the company, if the information within our system is outdated.

If your search does not provide results, the manufacturer of your product may no longer be part of the AAMA program, for any of several possible reasons. In that case, you may also look up the manufacturer code via the archived listing. Though AAMA strives to provide the latest information regarding these companies, please keep in mind that the manufacturer may no longer be in business. You may also need to perform a separate Web search for the company, if the information within our system is outdated.

If you are not able to locate your manufacturer using the current Certified Products Directory (CPD), the Archived CPD allows you to search for manufacturers who are not currently certifying through AAMA. To use this search, you’ll need to locate the manufacturer (MFR) code on your AAMA label. If you have a gold label, your product was a certified air-water-structural product. Along the bottom edge near the center of the label, just to the left of the vertical line, you will find a manufacturer’s code in the format XX-Y or XXX-Y, where X indicates a letter and Y is a number (usually 1 or 2). Refer to the CPD where you can then enter the manufacturer’s code. If your code does not appear, please contact AAMA. If you have a white label, your product was a certified manufactured housing product. On your label, there will be a manufacturer’s code in the format YYYYY, where Y indicates a number. Refer to the CPD where you can then enter the manufacturer’s code. If your code does not appear, please contact AAMA. Though AAMA strives to provide the latest information regarding these companies, please keep in mind that the manufacturer may no longer be in business. You may also need to perform a separate web search for the company if the information within our system is outdated.

AAMA created both the FenestrationMasters^® and InstallationMasters^® programs. Due to the association’s long-standing history of writing standards and influencing codes, coursework and certification programs are a natural progression, and these certification programs help to educate industry professionals in not only the issues affecting the industry but also in some of the very issues that AAMA has helped to influence. The AAMA FenestrationMasters program is a nationwide program for professionals in the window, door, skylight, curtain wall, storefront and sloped glazing industries, which was launched during the GlassBuild America show in 2010. The FenestrationMasters program offers training content based on consensus-based AAMA standards. To gain the FenestrationMasters professional certification, the curriculum and certification exam must be completed. More information about FenestrationMasters is available here. Please contact [email protected] to join the informational mailing list, through which you’ll receive updates related to new course availability. The InstallationMasters program is a nationwide training and certification program for new construction and replacement installers of windows and exterior glass doors in residential and light commercial markets. More information about the InstallationMasters program, including dates and locations of upcoming classes, online training options and a list of accredited instructors by location, can be found here.

AAMA licensed the InstallationMasters™ program (training, testing and certification of window installers) several years ago to Architectural Testing, Inc. of York, PA. They can be reached at 717-764-7700.

Courses cover a wide range of subject matters including performance standards, product and material types and code requirements. Three course topics are currently available: product types and design considerations, window and door performance standards and proper glass selection. More course topics will be available throughout 2010 and 2011, including:

• Code Requirements
• Coatings and Finishes
• Installation Documents
• Energy and Thermal Performance
• Skylights and Daylighting
• Blast Hazard Mitigation
• Window and Door Hardware
• Framing Material Considerations
• Acoustical Performance
• Sealants and Adhesives

There are two different credentials available through the program: Certified FenestrationMaster: To qualify for advanced certification, a four-year degree in engineering, architecture or applied sciences and four years of full-time fenestration-related experience is required OR 6 years of full-time experience in the fenestration industry. Certified FenestrationAssociate: No minimum education or experience is required to be eligible for this level. Both credential levels require successful completion of applicable coursework, as well as achieving the required score on the certification exam.

The most up-to-date information about the FenestrationMasters program can be found here. If you would like to join the FenestrationMasters informational email list, please contact Angela Dickson, AAMA Marketing Manager, and you’ll receive periodic program notifications and updates related to new course availability.

As the leading trade association for the residential and commercial window, door and skylight industry, AAMA provides architects, specifiers, engineers, contractors and building officials with important and up-to-date information on materials, product technology and innovation. In addition to our classroom program, distance education is easy to access through AAMA. Our courses are online and ready at your convenience. Where appropriate, we’ll even process your credits directly with the American Institute of Architects (AIA) and send you a certificate of completion. Click here for a listing of authorized course presenters.

Virtual conference participants will have limited access and will be placed in “Listen-only” mode.

Yes. FGIA offers a robust sponsorship package tailored to the needs of FGIA’s members, whether they are small or large businesses. Visit the FGIA Sponsorship page, or contact [email protected] to secure your sponsorship level.

Password protected access to the event presentations will be provided via Vimeo.

Chats among participants are highly recommended throughout the day, however we ask that questions for presenters to be submitted through the event platform Q&A function. For more interaction, participants are encouraged to unmute their mics and ask their questions live.

There will not be committee or task group sessions at this event.

As we know from past experience, networking during virtual sessions can be challenging; therefore, we are focusing on the educational content of the event.

No, this is a two-day event (Tuesday and Wednesday) with up to five hours of education focused-content each day.

• Task group work will not be included
• There will be a residential and commercial track
• The sessions will cover fenestration, insulating glass, components, testing, code and regulatory activities
• Breaks (15 minutes) will be offered between sessions

Members

• Early Bird (through 5/20)
  • Individual $350
  • Company Registration (up to 5 participants) $875
  • Company Plus Registration (5+ participants) $1,750
• Extended (through 6/3)
  • Individual $400.00
  • Company Registration (up to 5 participants) $925 Company Plus Registration (5+ participants) $1,800
• Regular (beginning 6/13)
  • Individual $450
  • Company Registration (up to 5 participants) $975
  • Company Plus Registration (5+ participants) $1,850

Non-members

• Company Registration (Up to 2) $1,600.00

Non-member companies that are eligible for FGIA membership (i.e. prospective members) may attend a maximum of two FGIA events (per company).

FGIA is committed to helping you make the most of your time at all of our events. In the week prior to the summit, a link will be provided to join the sessions, where expert speakers will share their insights. In addition, tips for staying connected will also be shared, including how to ask questions, connect with other participants and how to access meeting materials. Beyond your participation at the summit, an online resource provides information on committee participation and balloting procedures, as well as other useful information. However, if you need more information, please contact [email protected].

All participants will receive an email containing their unique link to connect to the event.

The schedule for in-person events will follow the venue’s time zone. The schedule for virtual events will be set in the central time zone.

Event fees for all registrants (regardless of their location) for events hosted in Canada, including virtual registration for hybrid events broadcasted from a venue in Canada, are subject to Canadian federal sales tax. For events hosted in British Columbia (BC), the 5% GST will be applied to the total event fees.

World Vision is a humanitarian organization dedicated to working with children, families, and their communities worldwide to reach their full potential by tackling the causes of poverty and injustice. Your contribution will provide a new backpack filled with school supplies for underserved children. Each kit helps build self-esteem and frees up family resources for other essentials such as food, medicine, and utilities. With these essential tools comes the opportunity to learn, setting the foundation for a brighter future. View the World Vision Backpack Sponsorship Form for further details.

The virtual registration fees are as follows (all in USD funds):

Members: Individual Registration

• Early Bird (by August 23): $350
• Extended Early Bird (by September 2): $400
• Regular Rate (after September 2): $450

Members: Company Registration (up to 10 participants)

• Early Bird (by August 23): $875
• Extended Early Bird (by September 2): $950
• Regular Rate (after September 2): $1200

Once a company registration is purchased, FGIA staff will contact the primary registrant to obtain information for additional conference participants. The registration fee will vary based on the date when the full list of company registrants is provided (not when initial registration is submitted). No exceptions.

Non-members: $1680

Non-members must submit a paper registration form to sign up for FGIA events.  

Non-members are welcome to attend an FGIA event at the non-member rate. However, after attending two events, non-members are required to join the association before attending future events.

For planning purposes, it is preferred to have participants register in advance; however, all are welcome (different fees may apply).

You must be a Category 1, 2, or GPC-only member to exhibit at the Product Showcase (Fall Conferences only).

If you are not able to login, please complete one of the following options to retrieve/reset your login credentials before registering for this event:

1. If you know your FGIA username, use that information to reset your password here.
2. If you do not know your FGIA username, use this link to request it via your email address and follow the instruction in the email to reset your password.
3. If you are unable to reset your credentials, contact us at [email protected].

Refunds will be issued (less a $100 service charge per registration) if submitted prior to the deadline listed on the event registration form and website.

Participants will receive password protected access to all session materials via Vimeo.

FGIA members and licensees are eligible to use the FGIA logo; however, a license agreement and sample must be provided for each instance where the FGIA logo will be used. In order to receive permission to use the FGIA logo, you will first need to email a request to [email protected]. A copy of the FGIA logo license agreement will be emailed to you. Once you have completed and signed the form, email a copy to FGIA along with a sample showing how the logo will be used.

Yes, in order to receive permission to use the FGIA logo, you will first need to email a request to [email protected]. A copy of the FGIA logo license agreement will be emailed to you. Once you have completed and signed the form, email a copy to FGIA along with a sample showing how the logo will be used.

Per AAMA 502, Section 4.5.2, if insect exterior screens are specified, they shall be in place (closed) during testing.

ASTM E1105 states that if wind gusting causes pressure fluctuations greater than 10 percent of the test pressure, the test should not be performed.

Yes, there are several consensus-developed industry standards for glass. Applicable standards depending on the glass type may include: ASTM C1036, ASTM C1048, ASTM C1172, ASTM C1376, as well as ASTM E2190 and IGMA TM-3100 for insulating glass units (IGUs). Definitions for these standards are provided within the Glass Standards & Guidelines. These are minimum standards for the industry. Contact the manufacturer of your window for their specification.

In general, industry standards call for glass inspection to be made with 20/20 vision (naked eye or corrected). Samples are to be viewed in the vertical position at the distance as specified in the standard. Visual inspection distances can vary from one industry standard to another and can also vary by the type of blemish found and by the glass product type. To assist homeowners in determining if a blemish merits replacement, a simplified glass inspection procedure has been developed — you can find this within the resources list on the Glass Products Council page.  

The most common blemishes observed are:

• Scratches
• Fingerprints inside the insulating glass unit (IGU)
• Dirt or debris inside the IGU
• Water spots or mineral deposits

Glass is a material made primarily from sand and as such may have perceivable blemishes; however, they may not be immediate cause for rejection. The window, door and skylight industry has developed an in-depth and detailed set of standards that address most blemishes. However, to assist homeowners in determining if a blemish merits replacement, this simplified glass inspection procedure has also been developed.

AAMA Gold Labels have been developed and tested over the years for permanent adhesion and resistance to moisture, sunlight, UV and weathering. They will not come off in one piece, and the remainder of the labels and the residue may be impossible to completely remove without damage to the surface to which they were adhered. Removing the label voids the certification of the product. In addition, removal of the label may also void the manufacturer’s warranty. The homeowner should also check for any local building code provisions that require either structural or thermal testing and/or certification of the window or door. Removal of the label could potentially put the homeowner at odds with the local Building Department (either now or in the future) and potentially at great expense. Also, in some locations, certification may be required by insurance agencies which is confirmed by product labeling. Finally, without the label in place, any future owner of the home may have no information as to the age of the product, the manufacturer (in case of the need for repair or replacement parts) or the product ratings (either structurally or thermally), which may be necessary to prove building code compliance. Florida homeowners should pay particular attention to the two preceding sentences, as building code compliance is particularly important in this area. The state of Florida has a mandatory product approval program in place; the product labels are the only way to prove compliance with these regulations. The above information is strictly in the homeowner’s best interest. We derive no benefit from the labels remaining in place.

AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 is the standard/specification for windows, doors, and skylights. It provides standards for air leakage, water penetration, structural strength and forced-entry resistance. Certain material and component requirements are also included. For example, aluminum used in sash, frame or other structural members must be of commercial quality and meet certain alloy and strength requirements. Rigid vinyl extrusions must be tested and certified to AAMA specification 303. Wood parts must meet requirements for moisture content, soundness and assembly. Paint applicators and certain critical components such as weatherstrip, sealants, glazing tapes and hardware (rotary operators, sash balances, friction hinges and roller assemblies) must meet requirements of the Verified Components program. NFRC 100 is a thermal performance standard. NFRC is the National Fenestration Rating Council, a non-profit collaboration of window, door and skylight manufacturers and suppliers; utilities, building trade associations; government agencies and consumer organizations. NFRC was founded to establish an energy performance rating and labeling system for windows, doors and skylights. The three basic terms used to express thermal performance of a window, door or skylight are: U-Factor, SHGC, and VT.

• The U-Factor measures how well a product prevents heat from escaping from the room. U-Factors generally fall between 0.20 and 1.20. The lower the number, the better.
• SHGC is the abbreviation for Solar Heat Gain Coefficient, which measures how well a product blocks heat caused by sunlight. SHGC is expressed as a number between 0 and 1. The lower the number, the lower the heat gain.
• VT is the abbreviation for Visible Transmittance, which measures how much light comes through a product. It is expressed as a number between 0 and 1. Heavily tinted products have a lower VT.

AAMA is a NFRC-licensed Independent Certification and Inspection Agency and actively participates in writing NFRC standards and procedures.

There are a number of reasons that AAMA requires all labels and tabs to be ordered from Associated Laboratories Inc. (AAMA’s independent Validator):

• To maintain label uniformity and AAMA brand-recognition for your labeled products
• To protect your investment as a valid, AAMA-licensed manufacturer
• To limit label availability to products that are authorized for certification
• To assure that all appropriate information is included on the label, in the approved format
• To ensure that only correct, validated information is printed on the label
• To maintain the physical quality and durability of the label
• To provide revenue needed to sustain operation of the certification programs

AAMA also provides a program of in-plant label printing, which produces authorized labels as needed, right at the production line. Label stock and supplies must also be ordered through ALI.

The North American Fenestration Standard (NAFS) is the industry standard for windows, doors and skylights. It provides specifications for air leakage, water penetration, structural strength and forced-entry resistance. Certain material and component requirements are also included. For example, aluminum used in sash, frame or other structural members must be of commercial quality and meet certain alloy and strength requirements. Paint applicators and certain critical components such as weatherstrip, sealants, glazing tapes and hardware (rotary operators, sash balances, friction hinges and roller assemblies) must meet requirements of the Verified Components program. NFRC 100 is a thermal performance standard. NFRC is the National Fenestration Rating Council, a non-profit collaboration of window, door and skylight manufacturers and suppliers; utilities, building trade associations; government agencies and consumer organizations. NFRC was founded to establish an energy performance rating and labeling system for windows, doors and skylights. The three basic terms used to express thermal performance of a window, door or skylight are U-Factor, SHGC and VT.

• The U-Factor measures how well a product prevents heat from escaping from the room. U-Factors generally fall between 0.20 and 1.20. The lower the number, the better.
• SHGC is the abbreviation for Solar Heat Gain Coefficient, which measures how well a product blocks heat caused by sunlight. SHGC is expressed as a number between 0 and 1. The lower the number, the lower the heat gain.
• VT is the abbreviation for Visible Transmittance, which measures how much light comes through a product. It is expressed as a number between 0 and 1. Heavily tinted products have a lower VT.

It is important to start with the understanding that most windows are made of a framing material and standard single or double strength glass. When struck with enough force, the frame or glass will break. Windows that have been tested for impact resistance are typically made of glass with an interlayer of a resilient material that will hold the glass in place when it is broken. This glass may be treated so that when it breaks, small pieces of glass are formed which may be less likely to have sharp edges that could tear the interlayer material. These design improvements help protect the opening and the structure from potential wind and water damage. Be aware that an impact-rated product will typically withstand more severe weather conditions but may still be damaged in a storm event. The primary purpose of impact resistant windows is to increase the likelihood that the structure and its contents will have less damage, not that the windows will survive all storms without damage.

Impact-resistant glass is designed and tested to help stay connected to the window frame, to help protect a home and its contents and to help a building stay intact in a storm. This is an obvious advantage over shutters or even plywood applications, allowing the occupant to see out and allowing daylight to enter the structure during electrical power failures.

Yes, the following documents are available for purchase from the FGIA Online Store.

• FMA/AAMA 100-12, Standard Practice for the Installation of Windows with Flanges or Mounting Fins in Wood Frame Construction for Extreme Wind/Water Conditions
• FMA/AAMA 200-12, Standard Practice for the Installation of Windows with Frontal Flanges for Surface Barrier Masonry Construction for Extreme Wind/Water Conditions
• AAMA 2400-10, Standard Practice for Installation of Windows with a Mounting Flange in Open Stud Frame Construction for Low Wind/Water Exposure
• AAMA 2410-13, Standard Practice for Installation of Windows with an Exterior Flush Fin Over an Existing Window Frame
• AAMA IPCB-08, Standard Practice for the Installation of Windows and Doors in Commercial Buildings

Though AAMA publishes these standard practices, it is important to understand that in all cases, “Windows shall be installed and flashed in accordance with the manufacturer’s written installation instructions.” This very same language is contained in the International Residential Code (IRC) for One and Two-Family Dwellings.

Yes. InstallationMasters was developed to train and certify installers on industry accepted installation practices. The program includes an installer-training manual that is available for purchase by anyone who has an interest in proper window installation. Though FGIA publishes standard best practices, it is important to understand that in all cases windows should be installed and flashed in accordance with the manufacturer’s written installation instructions. This language is contained in the International Residential Code (IRC) for One and Two-Family Dwellings.

No, the AAMA (Gold, Silver or White) Label indicates that the manufacturer is authorized by AAMA to display the label. By placing an AAMA certification label on a product, the manufacturer certifies that the labeled product meets the applicable performance requirements of the standard cited on the label. The label applies to the construction and performance of the window as it leaves the factory, not to its performance once installed.

FGIA staff can only provide interpretations on questions that relate to the content of our documents and certification program procedures.

Yes, a list of certified installers who have successfully completed the InstallationMasters program can be found here.  

Yes, the following documents are available for purchase from the FGIA Online Store.

• FMA/AAMA 100-12, Standard Practice for the Installation of Windows with Flanges or Mounting Fins in Wood Frame Construction for Extreme Wind/Water Conditions
• FMA/AAMA 200-12, Standard Practice for the Installation of Windows with Frontal Flanges for Surface Barrier Masonry Construction for Extreme Wind/Water Conditions
• AAMA 2400-10, Standard Practice for Installation of Windows with a Mounting Flange in Open Stud Frame Construction for Low Wind/Water Exposure
• AAMA 2410-13, Standard Practice for Installation of Windows with an Exterior Flush Fin Over an Existing Window Frame
• AAMA IPCB-08, Standard Practice for the Installation of Windows and Doors in Commercial Buildings

Though AAMA publishes these standard practices, it is important to understand that in all cases, “Windows shall be installed and flashed in accordance with the manufacturer’s written installation instructions.” This very same language is contained in the International Residential Code (IRC) for One and Two-Family Dwellings.

If you are already listed as a contact under your company’s membership, click the Sign In button in the top left-hand corner of the website and choose “Forgot my password” to have your username and password information emailed to you. If the automated system indicates that your email address is not on file, you will need to be added as a secondary contact under the membership in order to obtain an individual log-in for the Members Only area. Please request that your company’s main contact add you to the membership or contact [email protected].

General benefits of FGIA membership include development of product and component performance standards, networking opportunities, updates on codes information and industry developments, discounts on conference registration, reduced prices on publications and market studies, access to members-only information on our website, free subscriptions to newsletters and priority access to industry-related technical support from FGIA staff. Visit the Join FGIA page to learn more. Note: FGIA offers a number of membership options, and benefits vary depending on the member selection. Learn more about each option on the Corporate Memberships and Individual Memberships pages.

Only representatives of FGIA Corporate member companies or individuals included in Professional or Technical Consultant memberships have access to members only information of the FGIA website. If you are unsure if your company is a member, search our member directory.

Performance Grade is a numeric designator that defines a specific set of NAFS-specified product performance requirements for a specific Design Pressure (DP) range as required by conditions at the intended location of the building. A product achieves a Performance Grade rating only upon successful completion of all applicable tests–primarily those for structural performance under wind loading and for resistance to water penetration and air leakage.

Changes in the 2008 version of NAFS realigned and reduced the total number of the Performance Class designations as defined by the Performance Grade (a set of performance requirements corresponding to a Design Pressure range) at the intended location of the building. This simplifies the specifier’s task in matching fenestration performance to project requirements and consolidates testing requirements for manufacturers. In the 1997, 2002 and 2005 editions, there were five Performance Classes – R, LC, C, HC and AW. For the 2008, the C and HC performance classifications were eliminated and replaced with a singular CW classification. There have been no further changes to the performance classifications since 2008, which are currently defined as: R: commonly used in one- and two-family dwellings LC: commonly used in low-rise and mid-rise multi-family dwellings and other buildings where larger sizes and higher loading requirements are expected CW: commonly used in low-rise and mid-rise buildings where larger sizes, higher loading requirements, limits on deflection and heavy use are expected AW: commonly used in high-rise and mid-rise buildings to meet increased loading requirements and limits on deflection, and in buildings where frequent and extreme use of the fenestration products is expected For more information, visit the Performance Class Overview web page.

The drainage system may be clogged. It is normal for water to accumulate in the track during a wind-driven rain or snow storm, but the water should then drain to the outside through the “weep” system. This is usually a small hole visible on the inside track area and the exterior surface of the frame. Keep these weep-holes clear and clean, but be careful not to damage exterior weep hole covers, baffles, or insect screens, if present.

AAMA staff cannot accept the liability for product selection or specification. Product specifications must be determined by the architect or structural engineer.

AAMA CMB-5 (-05, -08 and -11) are excerpts from the respective version of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights. The excerpts contain an explanation of the various performance classes as well as the minimum “gateway” sizes and design pressures required for compliance with the standard. The all three versions of the CMB-5 except can be found on the Certified Products Directory page under the “Additional Reference Material” heading. Fenestration standards are always evolving due to changes in technology, building codes and rating system performance requirements. The North American Fenestration Standard (NAFS) is a performance-based, material-neutral omnibus guidepost for fenestration specifiers that has been evolving ever since 1997 and serves as the basis for product certification as required by IBC and IRC. The complete NAFS standard/specification can be purchased in the FGIA Store. Learn more about the NAFS here.

AAMA CMB-5 (-05, -08 and -11) are excerpts from the respective version of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights. The excerpts contain an explanation of the various performance classes as well as the minimum “gateway” sizes and design pressures required for compliance with the standard. “HC” is one of five performance classifications identified within the Standard/Specification. The number suffix identifies the Design Pressure (DP) rating achieved for the product being tested. In this case, a 50 psf design pressure was specified and the subcontractor has submitted a product with a lower DP rating of 40 psf. It’s also important to note that since water penetration resistance testing is a ratio of DP, a HC50 product would require a higher water penetration resistance than a HC40 (7.5 psf compared to 6.0 psf). The AAMA all three versions of the CMB-5 excerpts can be found on the Certified Products Directory page. The complete NAFS standard/specification can be purchased from our Online Publication Store.

Contact [email protected]. You will need to have your product tested at an AAMA-accredited or approved lab and have the test report and other supporting information sent to Associated Laboratories, Inc. (ALI) for validation.

Yes. There are sometimes significant differences in our standards. Climatic requirements for Europe do not include the extremes of temperature and wind we find in American and Pacific countries. There is no provision for resistance to hurricanes, arctic temperatures, or desert conditions because they do not exist in Europe. Additionally, FGIA’s standards development and certification philosophies are very different. We depend heavily on private development of standards, test methods and certification procedures, strongly resisting the influence of state and federal governments in setting requirements for product evaluation. We work closely with the EuroWindoor Association in Europe to compare standards and other issues, and we have a cooperative agreement with this association to share standards and marketing information on a regular basis. Similar agreements exist with Australia and Japan, and we have harmonized our standards with Canada.

All versions of the NAFS document were written to make this task easy and consistent. Rather than specifying individual test methods for air leakage, water penetration, structural testing, and forced-entry resistance, simply use the Short Form Specification included at the beginning of these nationally recognized standards.

There are four parts to a performance specification. The first is the Operator Type (also called the Product Type); in the NAFS-11 document, 36 operator types are addressed (i.e. HS represents a horizontal slider; C is a casement window; H is a single-, double-, or triple-hung, etc.). Next is the Performance Class; depending on the referenced version of NAFS, there are either five (for NAFS-05) or four (for NAFS-08 and NAFS-11). When specifying via NAFS-05, the included performance classes are: R, LC, C, HC and AW. When specifying via NAFS-08 or NAFS-11, the included performance classes are: R, LC, CW and AW The third part is the Performance Grade, stated as a pressure in psf (pounds per square foot). Each Performance Class requires a minimum Performance Grade; for example, an R class window must pass testing for a minimum Performance Grade of 15 psf (720 Pa). More information on minimum gateway test sizes can be found on the Performance Class Overview page on the AAMA website. The last information is the size tested in the lab to qualify the product for certification. The standard specifies a minimum test size for each Product Type and Performance Class. The sample to be tested must be equal to, or larger than, this size. If the manufacturer plans to certify a particular design in larger sizes, they must test to the largest size they plan to certify and label.

In the 2005 edition of NAFS, the five performance classes established in 1997 remained (R, LC, C, HC and AW), but the market sector descriptions were deleted, as the choice of Performance Class is increasingly made somewhat independently of the use of a building. For the 2008 and 2011 editions of NAFS, the C and HC performance classifications were eliminated. In their place is a “CW” classification, which reduces the total number of performance classifications from five to four.

• R class = Commonly used in one- and two-family dwellings
• LC class = Commonly used for low- and mid-rise multifamily dwellings and other buildings where larger sizes and higher loading requirements are expected
• CW class = Commonly used in low- and mid-rise buildings where larger sizes, higher loading requirements, limits on deflection and heavier use are expected
• AW class = Commonly used in high-rise and mid-rise buildings to meet increased loading requirements and limits on deflection and in buildings where frequent and extreme use of the fenestration products is expected

Since 1962, AAMA’s ANSI-accredited Certification Program — the original third-party fenestration performance verification program — has provided manufacturers with the means to independently demonstrate product performance quality to their customers. The AAMA Certification Label on a product tells customers that it has been verified as conforming to the standard’s requirements through independent laboratory testing and follow-up on-site inspection of the manufacturer’s product line. When a product has been tested and validated by AAMA, the manufacturer is authorized to certify the product by applying the AAMA label. A product must be labeled to be certified.

Test reports are a historical record of test results on specific test specimens, tested to a defined standard or standards; a “snapshot” of the product at a certain point in time. Laboratories may include expiration dates on their test reports that reflect their individual policies. These expiration and/or test record retention dates will vary from laboratory to laboratory and test report to test report. As historical records cannot technically “expire”, these dates are arbitrary. In the event that no changes are made to the design and/or construction of the product as documented in the test report, it is the position of AAMA that the test report remains valid as a reflection of the facts as of the date of the test. Test reports prepared by AAMA accredited laboratories are mandated throughout AAMA’s certification and verification programs and are referenced in its voluntary standards, specifications and test methods. Though some test reports may contain expiration and/or test record retention dates established by the testing laboratory, AAMA does not rely on these dates in its certification and verification programs. For the purposes of certification and validation, a test report is considered valid for the duration established by the requirements of the applicable certification or verification programs. For example, AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 test reports are mandated to include test dates, report dates and a test record retention date.

Test reports are a historical record of test results on specific test specimens, tested to a defined standard or standards; a “snapshot” of the product at a certain point in time. Laboratories may include expiration dates on their test reports that reflect their individual policies. These expiration and/or test record retention dates will vary from laboratory to laboratory and test report to test report. As historical records cannot technically “expire”, these dates are arbitrary. In the event that no changes are made to the design and/or construction of the product as documented in the test report, it is the position of AAMA that the test report remains valid as a reflection of the facts as of the date of the test. Test reports prepared by AAMA accredited laboratories are mandated throughout AAMA’s certification and verification programs and are referenced in its voluntary standards, specifications and test methods. Though some test reports may contain expiration and/or test record retention dates established by the testing laboratory, AAMA does not rely on these dates in its certification and verification programs. For the purposes of certification and validation, a test report is considered valid for the duration established by the requirements of the applicable certification or verification programs. For example, AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 test reports are mandated to include test dates, report dates and a test record retention date.

No, the AAMA (Gold, Silver or White) Label indicates that the manufacturer is authorized by AAMA to display the label. By placing an AAMA certification label on a product, the manufacturer certifies that the labeled product meets the applicable performance requirements of the standard cited on the label. The label applies to the construction and performance of the window as it leaves the factory, not to its performance once installed.

There are three possibilities:

1. The company may certify their windows for thermal performance only, with AAMA as their independent certification and inspection agency. In this case, the certification listing would be found on the website of the National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC).
2. Read the manufacturer’s claim very carefully; in most every case, if they do not actually certify, they are really only claiming that they meet the AAMA standard. It may seem misleading, but if they can prove it, then they can claim it.
3. They may be falsely claiming certification. Ask them to show you their Authorization for Product Certification (APC) or to show you the product listing on the AAMA website. Please report all false claims to AAMA at [email protected].

They may be certified to the AAMA standard, but by a different certification agency. There are other agencies that also certify fenestration products. Ask the salesman to be more specific and to show you evidence to support the certification claim.

Please contact [email protected] at your earliest convenience.

The AAMA Gold Label indicates structural performance, which includes air leakage and water penetration resistance. Unless the Gold Label also includes a section (we call it a “tab”) at the far right that mentions thermal certification to NFRC 500 (condensation resistance), the window is not rated to resist condensation.

AAMA does not certify companies but rather provides certification for products. The AAMA Certified Products Directory (CPD) lists products that AAMA has authorized for certification. Only when the manufacturer has applied the AAMA label is the product actually certified.

Per language contained in the International Building Code (IRC), windows are to be installed and flashed in accordance with the manufacturer’s written installation instructions. FGIA does not publish a standard for flangeless windows (a.k.a. block frame) in stud frame construction. However, the InstallationMasters training manual addresses this subject. For more information on this program, please see here.

The publication is automatically sent via email receipt to the email address you provided when checking out. You should have received a confirmation email from AAMA. The subject will be “Your AAMA Order has been processed!” At the very bottom of the email there is a link to your document. It should say “The following document(s) are available for download:” Please DO NOT reorder the publication. Please contact us at (847) 303-5664 for further information regarding publication purchases.

The shipping cost depends upon the shipper (US Mail or UPS) and the location to which the publication will be shipped. All Internet orders concerning shipment of international purchases are held until the purchaser is contacted and payment is made on a quoted shipping amount. Handling is always $4.00, regardless of the order’s size and destination.

No, AAMA requires prepayment for all publication purchases prior to shipping. For domestic purchasers, we accept credit cards, corporate, personal, or bank checks, and postal or bank money orders. International customers may purchase by credit card, bank check or money order, or wire transfer (an additional fee is charged). All amounts must be exact, include the shipping charge, and be in US funds.

In order to protect our standards, we do not allow customers to preview our standards before purchasing. However, through our online Publication Store, each document is also accompanied by a summary of the document, to ensure our customers are getting what they want.

All publication pricing can be found on the online publication store; note that prices for both AAMA members and non-members are shown.

This means the document has a newer version. Please be advised that the two-digit designator after the document number (the “##” in XXX-##) indicates the year the document was published. This is a standard practice throughout the industry.

AAMA documents are typically only available in electronic format. However, in the rare circumstance where a hard-copy is requested, a manual order form will have to be completed and emailed to AAMA’s Technical Services Assistant.

All publication pricing can be found on the online publication store; note that the Member Rate for all market studies will only apply to Corporate Members.

In the online store, all current versions will have an asterisk (*) at the beginning of the AAMA or IGMA document name. Also, the most current version will be the first document listed in the list.

All AAMA and IGMA documents, available from FGIA, may be purchased through our online store where you may search for documents by product code, keyword or topic.

If your search does not provide results, the manufacturer of your product may no longer be part of the AAMA program, for any of several possible reasons. In that case, you may also look up the manufacturer code via the archived listing. Though AAMA strives to provide the latest information regarding these companies, please keep in mind that the manufacturer may no longer be in business. You may also need to perform a separate Web search for the company, if the information within our system is outdated.

No, the AAMA logo on the certification label indicates that AAMA is the certification agency, not the manufacturer. Contact the manufacturer directly for questions concerning replacement parts, warranties, etc. You can locate the manufacturer by searching our Certified Products Directory. You will need the manufacturer code (MFR Code) that is listed on the sticker. Find out how to locate this code on the Certified Products Directory page.

If this is an AAMA-certified product, the AAMA logo will appear on the left end of the gold label. Note that there are other certification agencies with similar labels. If it is an AAMA label, determine whether your label is gold, silver or white? If you have a gold label, your product was a certified air-water-structural product. Along the bottom edge near the center of the label, just to the left of the vertical line, you will find a manufacturer’s code in the format XX-Y or XXX-Y, where X indicates a letter and Y is a number (usually 1 or 2). Refer to the AAMA Certified Products Directory (CPD) where you can then enter the manufacturer’s code. If your code does not appear please contact AAMA. If you have a silver label, the product was certified by NFRC (but by using AAMA as the IA). To find out information about the manufacturer, please visit the NFRC website. If you have a white label, your product was a certified manufactured housing product. On your label, there will be a manufacturer’s code in the format YYYYY, where Y indicates a number. Refer to the AAMA Certified Products Directory where you can then enter the manufacturer’s code. If your code does not appear please contact AAMA. The search results will give you contact information for the manufacturer code you put in. If your search does not provide results, the manufacturer of your product may no longer be part of the AAMA program, for any of several possible reasons. In that case, you may also look up the manufacturer code via the archived listing. Though AAMA strives to provide the latest information regarding these companies, please keep in mind that the manufacturer may no longer be in business. You may also need to perform a separate Web search for the company, if the information within our system is outdated.

The two recommended options in determining if a window, door or skylight will allow in too much air: 1) Look for an AAMA certification label on the window to determine that the product has been designed to meet air infiltration standards. 2) Determine if the product has been tested and authorized for AAMA certification by researching the product in the AAMA Certified Products Directory. A third option available option involves contacting the manufacturer of your specific product to request test data. Note that certification programs offer enhanced quality that is not built into the basic testing process. Certification quality control measures include two unannounced manufacturer plant inspections by a third-party validator.

The first is proper installation of the unit, per the manufacturer’s instructions. It should be installed square, level and plumb, with insulation present around the rough opening and tucked up to the main frame. The second is outside conditions that include the location of the product on the home, air temperature difference from inside to outside, wind speed and other weather factors. Third is product type. A double hung unit or other operable unit will usually allow more air to pass into the home than a fixed unit (such as a picture window) because it’s designed to open. Remember, when closed tightly, even certified operable units permit acceptable levels of air infiltration that may seem excessive to a particular individual.

The design of the window may be different, such as a picture window or casement, allowing less air to pass through. It may also be in a part of your home that does not get direct wind contact. All windows have some level of air infiltration. AAMA-certified products are designed to meet or exceed the industry standard of less than 0.3 cubic feet per minute.

A good place to start is to look for caulk against the interior trim and around the molding that goes around the frame of the window. Typically, missing or damaged caulk (dried up, shrunken or molded) will allow air infiltration. Whistling wind or a “humming” sound through the siding can indicate an installation problem or a problem that occurred as the house settled.

There are several variables that can contribute to varying air infiltration rates in different parts of your home. The prevailing winds blow directly on one side of your home, increasing the effective pressure differential and chances for more infiltration on that side than the side of the home that is sheltered from direct wind. The style of the product also plays a role.

Building techniques have evolved during the past several decades to help create a firmer, more reliable “seal” in the envelope of the home. Products such as house wrap, insulation wraps and spray foam insulations are now being more commonly used on new homes during the building stages to reduce the number of openings in the envelope where air can move in and out.

First, be sure that your operable units are clean, operate smoothly and are properly closed and locked. Second, review how your units were installed. Insulation and flashings should have been installed between the frame and the rough opening to provide a tight, secure envelope in the home. Proper installation practices play a vital role in how effective a window, door or skylight is at resisting air leakage. Installation screws and jamb adjuster screw holes should be caulked and capped. Windows and doors should be installed plumb, level and square; if not, air could enter your home around the outside of the frame. Inspect all weatherstripping to ensure that it is present and intact. Properly sealing and flashing a product per the manufacturers’ instructions is vital. If you suspect questionable installation, it’s a good idea to have a professional inspect your home. If you have siding on the exterior of your home’s walls, be sure it provides a proper seal up to the window frames. If you have brick, the mortar should be intact. Check for caulking integrity and replace cracked or missing caulk. Care and maintenance of your windows is extremely important to ensure performance. Reference Caring for your Windows, Doors and Skylights for further details. The proper installation of the unit per manufacturer’s instructions is also integral to ensuring performance. Refer to the InstallationMasters^® Program for a list of certified installers.

At an accredited test laboratory, a representative sample is subjected to the prescribed constant air pressure differential. The level of leakage is determined by a high precision mass flow meter. Since air flow depends on temperature and barometric pressure, these are factored out to determine total air leakage.

The air being pulled out of your home by appliances such as bathroom fans, central vacuums, range hoods, clothes dryers and others can be significant. When this happens, there is often too much resistance for equal amounts of replacement air to get back into your home. As a result, your house tries to “inhale” air. This means that more air will enter your home in areas where natural ventilation is present.

The building industry recognizes that natural ventilation (a controlled air exchange) will occur through all openings. A Double Hung window, for instance, has four sides on two sashes which are intended to move. This part of the designed window movement may allow some minimal amount of air in. If you place your hands by areas of weatherstripping, it may be possible to feel some air. AAMA-certified windows are designed so that the total amount of air movement will be less than that prescribed in the AAMA/WDMA/CSA industry standard. Normal air movement within the room is another issue that some mistake for air infiltration.

Different types of windows allow for different air infiltration rates. A fixed window that does not open is the most airtight. Compression-sealed operable units, such as casements, are the next most airtight. Operable windows with sliding seals such as hung and slider units are traditionally the least airtight, although all AAMA certified windows are designed to meet or exceed the air infiltration standard. The location of the window in the home also plays a role in the level of air infiltration. For example, a window on a wall facing a harsh north arctic winter wind should have different qualities than a southern-facing window overlooking a sunny, warm beach. No single window type is best for every application.

A fixed window – a product type that does not open – provides the least chance for air to infiltrate the home.

No; to some extent, every home, regardless of age or location, needs to “breathe” so that it is not completely airtight. Well-placed and installed windows allow for natural ventilation in the home. Fresh air is needed inside the home to help eliminate odors and pollutants harmful to human health. Fresh air also helps eliminate excessive moisture that harms the building structure and furnishings and is the source of mold and mildew growth. However, concerns can arise when homeowners perceive that too much air is entering the home through openings.

Air infiltration is a term that relates to air moving into a home through small spaces in doors, windows, skylights, electrical outlets, walls, floors or the roof. This is the result of pressure differences between the inside and outside of the home.

Per language contained in the International Building Code (IRC), windows are to be installed and flashed in accordance with the manufacturer’s written installation instructions. FGIA does not publish a standard for flangeless windows (a.k.a. block frame) in stud frame construction. However, the InstallationMasters training manual addresses this subject. For more information, visit here.

AAMA 510, Voluntary Guide Specification for Blast Hazard Mitigation for Vertical Fenestration Systems is available for purchase in our Online Publication Store. This publication provides manufacturers, architects/specifiers, contractors and building owners a “guide specification” for evaluating types of systems and provides guidance to those responsible for supplying vertical fenestration systems and services to meet the requirements of blast hazard mitigation. Standards referenced within AAMA 510 include:

• ASTM F1642, Standard Test Method for Glazing and Glazing Systems Subject to Airblast Loadings
• ASTM F2912, Standard Specification for Glazing and Glazing Systems Subject to Airblast Loadings
• DOD – Department of Defense – Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) 4-010-01, DOD Minimum Anti-Terrorism Standards for Buildings (10/13)
• GSA-TS01-2003 – U.S. General Services Administration Standard Test Method for Glazing and Window Systems Subject to Dynamic Overpressure Loadings
• SDOF 2.0, Single Degree of Freedom System
• WINGARD, Window Glazing Analysis Response and Design
• ISC Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects (September 29, 2004)
• ISC Minimum Standards for Leased Buildings (September 29, 2004)

Typically, the project specifications will identify the applicable reference standard as well as required Performance Condition, Protection Level, and Hazard Level.

Windows provide daylight, ventilation, and solar heating to the inside of our homes, but they are also potential sources of energy loss that can lead to excessive air conditioning and heating costs. The National Association of Home Builders Research Center estimates that 43 percent of American homes have single-pane windows that would benefit from cost-effective improvements.

Sash and frame surfaces, drainage systems, glass (whether single-glazed or insulating), and hardware all require periodic maintenance for best service, smooth operation, and long life.

• Keep sash and frame surfaces clean, but never use petroleum-based cleaners, solvents, or caustic chemicals on sash or frame surfaces, or glass. Wax aluminum frames with a high quality car wax.
• Keep sill and track areas clean and free of dirt, sand, dead insects, and other debris. Keep weep holes clear. For mechanically joined (screwed together) frames, be sure corners are caulked to prevent water penetration to the interior.
• Keep the glass clean, but do not use a high-pressure spray nozzle when rinsing your windows. Never use a razor blade, putty knife, or abrasive pad to clean the glass, frames, or sash.
• Check the operation of locks, latches, sash balances, and hinges. All hardware must be regularly cleaned and maintained. Use silicone spray if you need to lubricate your window rollers or tracks. Do not use oil-based lubricants, as they may cause metal rollers to collect dirt and nylon rollers to deteriorate.
• Check weather stripping around operable window and door panels to be sure it seals evenly and is not excessively worn or twisted.

AAMA has produced a comprehensive maintenance bulletin, Caring for Your Windows and Doors. A pdf file of the publication is available from the AAMA Publication Store; or, ask your window supplier for a full-color print copy.

Even the best-insulated windows can condense moisture from the air if the outdoor temperature is low enough and the indoor relative humidity is high enough. You’re probably using a room humidifier or a humidification system connected with your furnace. Assuming that the windows were properly installed, try reducing the humidity setting during very cold weather.

“Best” depends on your individual needs, tastes and requirements, just as making the choice between frame materials. The best window for one home or building may not be the best for another or meet the needs of the owner. Factors such as cost, appearance, function and availability are important. Some local codes may require higher design pressures. Some customers are particularly interested in superior thermal or acoustic performance. This is one of the reasons that the AAMA Certified Products Directory (CPD) does not rate one window or door against the others; they are all required to qualify under the same performance standard. Optionally higher performance or features can also be tested under AAMA specifications. All windows, doors and skylights listed in the AAMA CPD have passed stringent testing to ensure reliable service, if installed and maintained correctly.

Even the best-insulated windows can condense moisture from the air if the outdoor temperature is low enough and the indoor relative humidity is high enough. You’re probably using a room humidifier or a humidification system connected with your furnace. Assuming that the windows were properly installed, try reducing the humidity setting during very cold weather.